职业压力社会性别差异与社会工作介入研究

在我国市场经济迅速发展、社会快速转型和社会性别规范重构的背景下，职业压力的性别差异以及从社会性别视角缓解女性职业压力的介入机制研究日益成为一个重要议题。文章通过对912名公务员和企业雇员的问卷调查，探索男女两性在职业发展中的处境与面临的主要压力，在此基础上，构建职业压力指数，以男性为参照，从压力源、压力反应、压力应对三个层次来研究女性职业压力，分析受到传统社会性别文化影响的职业压力在男女两个群体中的表征及其差异。同时，研究从社会工作的视角，构建基于社会性别差异的社会工作“五级程序”介入机制，以期达到缓解女性职业压力、实现有效的压力管理。 

Gender Differences of Occupational Stress and an Intervention Model from Social Work Perspective

In the context of the rapid development of China's market economy, social transformation and reconstruction of gender norms, gender differences in occupational stress, as well as the intervention mechanism from a gender perspective to alleviate female occupational stress are becoming increasingly important issues.Based on the result of a questionnaire survey of 912 civil servants and corporate employees, this paper tries to explore the main pressure of both men and women faced during their career development by establishing an occupational stress index, analysing the female occupational stress from sources of stress, stress reactions, stress response with male as a reference and studying characterization and differences of occupational stress between men and women under the impact of traditional gender culture.Finally, this paper builds a social work intervention model of “five procedures” on the basis of gender differences in order to relieve female occupational stress and realize the aim of effective stress management.