农村数字化、人力资本与农村产业融合发展——基于中国省域面板数据的经验证据

在数字经济时代,推动农村数字化,充分发挥数据要素生产力作用,必将会对乡村振兴中的农村产业融合发展产生深远的影响。文章首先系统梳理农村数字化对农村产业融合发展的影响机理,同时基于农村人力资本视角,详细剖析该影响可能存在的区域异质性特征;其次利用2008—2019年中国省域面板数据,实证考察农村数字化对农村产业融合发展的影响;最后考虑到不同省域之间资源禀赋的差异,尤其是作为数字技术传播和应用主体的农村人力资本的区域差异,可能会影响农村数字化的作用发挥,文章将农村人力资本设定为门限变量,实证检验农村数字化的人力资本门限效应。研究结果表明:农村数字化对农村产业融合发展的影响系数显著为正,并且通过了1%的显著性水平检验,意味着农村数字化有利于促进农村产业融合发展;延伸农业产业链条、拓展农业多重功能、发展农业新兴业态与培育产业融合主体是农村数字化影响农村产业融合发展的具体机制,相较而言,农村数字化对农业产业链条延伸、农业多功能性发挥、产业融合主体培育的促进作用要明显大于农业新业态发展;农村数字化、农村人力资本与农村产业融合发展之间存在明显的非线性门限关系,即农村数字化对农村产业融合发展的促进作用发挥要受到农村人力资本水平的制约与影响,随着农村人力资本水平的不断提高,农村劳动力运用数字资源和数字技术的能力越强,越有利于发挥农村数字化对农村产业融合发展的促进作用;进一步的耦合协调关系检验发现,农村数字化与农村人力资本的耦合协调度越高,越有利于推动农村产业融合发展。为此,文章提出以下政策建议:第一,推动数字乡村建设,构建农村产业数字化传递通道,加快农村数字化进程,深度挖掘和发挥数字要素的生产力作用,促进农村产业高质量融合发展;第二,因地制宜加强农村劳动力的数据技术培训,提升农村劳动力应用数字资源和数字技术的能力,不断强化农村人力资本积累,持续提升农村人力资本水平,增强农村人力资本与数字技术的耦合度,以此推动农村产业迈向深度融合发展。

Rural digitalization,human capital and integrated development of rural industries: Empirical evidence based on China provincial panel data

In the era of digital economy, the promotion of rural digitalization and giving full play to the productivity of data elements will have a far-reaching impact on the rural industrial integration in rural revitalization. Firstly, this paper systematically combs the influence mechanism of rural digitalization on the integrated development of rural industries, and analyzes the possible regional heterogeneity of this influence from the perspective of rural human capital. Secondly, the impact of rural digitalization on the integrated development of rural industries is empirically investigated by using the panel data of Chinese provinces from 2008 to 2019. Finally, considering the difference of resource endowment among different provinces, especially the regional difference of rural human capital as the main body of digital technology transmission and application, which may affect the role of rural digitalization, the paper sets rural human capital as a threshold variable, and empirically tests the threshold effect of rural digitalization. The results show that the influence coefficient of rural digitalization on the integrated development of rural industries is significantly positive, and passes the significance level test of 1%, which means that rural digitalization is conducive to promoting the integrated development of rural industries; Extension of agricultural industrial chain, multiple functions, expanding agricultural development of agriculture and fostering the subject of industrial convergence is a new rural digital concrete mechanism affecting the development of rural industry integration, by contrast, the rural digitalization of agricultural industry chain extension, agricultural versatility, industry convergence subjectivity cultivation promoting effect to significantly is greater than the agricultural development of new forms; Rural digitalization, rural human capital and development of rural industry fusion between obvious nonlinear threshold relationship, namely rural digital integration of rural industry development by rural human capital levels play a role of restriction and influence, with the constant improvement of the rural human capital level, rural labor force the stronger the ability to use digital resources and digital technology, the more conducive to playing the role of rural digitalization in promoting the integrated development of rural industries; Further coupling and coordination relationship test shows that the higher the coupling and coordination degree between rural digitalization and rural human capital, the more conducive to promoting the integrated development of rural industries. To this end, the paper puts forward the following policy suggestions: Firstly, promote the construction of digital countryside, build the digital transmission channel of rural industries, speed up the process of rural digitization, deeply excavate and play the role of digital factors of productivity, and promote the high-quality integrated development of rural industries; Secondly, adjust measures to local conditions to strengthen the technical training of rural labor force data, improve the rural labor force application of digital resources and the ability of digital technology, constantly strengthening the rural human capital accumulation, enhance the rural human capital level, enhancing the rural human capital and the coupling of the digital technology, in order to promote the development of rural industry towards depth fusion.