医学的宗教化:道教存思修炼术的创造机理与渊源

将医学理论和养生实践宗教神学化,由健身疗疾、延年益寿的医学养生术演化出长生不死、飞身成仙的宗教方术,这是存思修炼术形成和不断发展的内在机理;存思修炼术发端于老庄的守一养生术,结合医学理论、养生实践、神灵崇拜和神仙方术,历经《太平经》、《老子中经》、《黄庭内景经》和《上清大洞真经》而渐趋完善,由此确定了其重在养生和重在成仙的两个发展方向。本文对道教修炼术和神仙世界,以及道教炼养学的医学理论创造进行了讨论。

Religio-Medicine:Taoist Alchemy and its Mechanism

The paper holds that the mechanism of Taoist alchemy lies in the practice of applying medical and regimen theories in religious doctrine and of putting healthcare methods in the desire for immortality. Alchemy in meditation may have originated in the ideas of Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi, and with the integration of medical practice and divinity worship, gradually evolves into perfection through such classics as the Scripture of the Supreme Peace, the Mean Scripture of Lao Zi, the Internal Scripture of the Yellow Court, and the True Scripture of the Ultimate Clarity, of which healthcare and immortality became the two major purposes.