1861年改革后俄国农民土地使用状况探析

解决农民土地问题是俄国1861年农民改革的重要内容之一,改革派与保守派围绕此问题进行了长期争论,最终沙皇亚历山大二世颁布了解放农民法令,宣布带着土地解放农民。法令的文本规定有很大弹性,农民最终没能获得土地所有权。农民实际使用土地的数量减少,地力下降,增加土地的尝试也没有取得理想效果,这种局面直到20世纪初亦未能得到根本改观。沙皇主张废除农奴制是顺应时局之举,改革中既得利益集团竭力维护传统,加之土地产权变动过程的长期性、复杂性等因素,农民土地问题没有得到根本性解决。

An Analysis on the Status of Farmers' Land Use after the Reform of Russian Serfdom in 1861

Resolving the problem of peasants' land was one important content of the reform of Russian serfdom in 1861,Reformists and conservatives had long debate around this problem.Eventually Tsar Alexander II had enacted Emancipation Manifesto,announced that the liberation of the peasants with land.This statutory regulations had great elasticity,farmers ultimately failed to obtain the land ownership.Farmers' actual use of land reduced,soil fertility declined,and the attempts to increase the land did not achieve ide...