西方露营旅游研究动向、方法及对中国森林旅游启示

欧美露营活动已有百余年的民众实践史,针对露营旅游的学术研究也已开展了近50年. 首先回顾了欧美露营旅游的发展历程,系统梳理了国外露营旅游的概念,总结了国外露营旅游研究的主要领域、方法与动向. 研究发现:西方研究集中在露营组织或机构、露营地选址—规划—建设—经营管理、露营旅游人口统计、露营旅游行为动机研究;研究方法已形成定量主导的定性研究,多元统计分析与问卷调查的计量研究成为主流. 其次,在西方多数国家或地区,政府推动是露营旅游不可或缺的发展动力;相关研究高度重视露营旅游与环境的关系,构建多种方法了解露营者的心理诉求,提高露营地利用率与全民露营参与度. 最后,露营旅游是中国森林旅游的重要内容与新动向,未来应深入研究露营旅游活动与森林生态环境的矛盾及如何降低生态负影响的旅游规划实践;此外,伴随国家林权和林业管理体制的系统变革,如何高效发展森林中的露营旅游活动成为时代议题.

Research Progress and Methods on Western Camping Tourism,and Its Inspiration to China' s Forest Tourism

Camping in Europe and America has been practiced for over 100 years, and the academic studies on camping tourism also have been doing for nearly 50 years. This paper firstly reviewed the development process of European and American camping tourism, then systematically sorted the concept of abroad camping tourism, and finally summarized the main areas, methods and trend of researches on the camping tourism. The study found out that firstly the Western researches focused on the camping organizations or institutions, campsite selection—planning—construction—operation and management, statistics of population in camping, and the motivation of camping. The research methods, such as the qualitative study while quantitatively dominant, the multivariate statistical analysis, and qualitative research with questionnaire survey have become the mainstream. Secondly, in most western countries and regions, the promotion by government was indispensable driving force for camping tourism. The relevant researches cover paying high attentions to the relation between camping tourism and environment, building multiple methods to understand the psychological demands of the campers, and increasing theutilization efficiency of campsite and participation degree of public camping. Finally camping tourism is an important content and new trend of forest tourism in China; in the future, we should make further researches on contradiction between camping tourism activities and forest ecological environment and how to reduce the ecological negative impact in tourism planning practice. Moreover, how to efficiently develop camping tourism in the forest along with the changes of the national forest right and forestry management system will become the era issue.