哲学本体论视域中的具体性规定

在黑格尔哲学那里 ,具体是一种处在本体语境中的规定。作为辩证具体 (总体 ) ,本体的具体规定表现为一种内在的丰富性 ,意指抽象概念在自身的自我扬弃中走向历史规定性的逻辑具体。费尔巴哈和早期马克思用感性具体来反对黑格尔的唯心主义 ,但是都没有能够达到历史性的具体 ,从而是正确但肤浅的。马克思用“一定的”规定性来界划历史唯物主义和历史辩证法的内涵 ,并开展出从一定社会现实进行具体研究的方法论话语。而克尔凯郭尔以主体的具体个体生存为基础开启出一条新人本主义路径 ,这条路径在叔本华、尼采、柏格森 ,甚至海德格尔的研究中得以体现。布洛赫的“具体的乌托邦”则代表着当代西方马克思主义对具体性进行的本体论探索。

Determination of the concrete under the ontological horizon

The concrete is one kind of determination under the ontological context in Hegel's philosophy. As a dialectical concrete(totality), ontological determination of the concrete represents one kind of inner plentity, referring that abstract notion becomes logical concrete with historical definition during its self uplift. Feuerbach and young Marx opposed Hegel’s mentalism with sense concrete, but they could not reach historical concrete, so they were right in the depth of skin. Marx used “definite” to determinate the connotation of historical materialism and historical dialectics, explaining that it was a methodological discourse of concrete research in definite relations of social reality. Kierkegaard founded another way named neo humanitarianism based on concrete individual existence of subject, Schopenhauer, Nietzche, Bergson, even Heidegger related to him. “Concrete utopia” of Bloch represents the ontological concrete of Western Marxism.