孔学天道观与古罗马自然法之比较及其当代启示

古罗马时代西塞罗与奥勒留的自然法思想与孔学天道观有会通之处，但两者貌似而神异。在本体论上，自然法有实体而孔学天道是神无方而易无体；在人生观上，自然法以人从天，是消极的，而孔学人能弘道，乃阴阳相交的活泼生机下的积极人生；在自然观上，自然法有人类中心主义倾向而孔学天道是参天地，育万物。因此，孔学虽不是古罗马自然法，但更适合中国之发展。

A Comparison between Tiandao in Confucianism and the Natural Law in Ancient Rome and Their Contemporary Meanings

While the certain degree of connection exists between the thoughts of the natural law in Marcus Cicero and Marcus Aurelius during the period of Ancient Rome and the Tiandao view in Confucianism, they actually differ in essence although with the superficial likeness. In terms of ontology, the natural law has the concrete en- tity while the Tiandao view in Confucianism emphasizes that the spirits are unlimited and the changes are ab- stract. In the view of life, the former requires man＇ s submission to heaven and hence is negative while the latter emphasizes that men can promote the teachings, which reflects the positive life with the vigor of Yin and Yang in- tersection. In the view of nature, the former shows the tendency of anthropocentricism while the latter under- stands the heaven and earth, as well as nourishes all things. Therefore Confucianism is more suitable for the de- velopment of China although it is not the natural law in ancient Rome.