庙、社结合与中国乡村社会整合

社神和庙宇都在乡村社会的整合过程中发挥着重要作用,二者之间既存在一定差别又紧密联系.在对潮州饶平所城乡和中山小榄永宁社区进行田野考察的基础上,归纳出社、庙之间的三种关系类型,并进一步讨论了社、庙对社区认同和排他的影响.文章指出,社神认同仅限于“社”这种最小的聚落单位,因此社神的主要功能表现为社会区分;而庙宇的祭祀圈范围则依所奉祀神祗的神格大小而定,神格较高的庙宇社会整合能力也较强.只有将社、庙结合起来分析,才能洞悉乡村社会的整合机制.

Combination of Temple and Clan and the Integration of China's Rural Society

Clan gods and temples play an important role in the process of rural social integration; they are different yet interrelated. Based on the field work in Raoping and Zhongshan of Guangdong Province, this paper generalizes three types of relationship between clan and temple, and further discusses the impact of clan and temple on community recognition. It is pointed out that clan gods are confined to the smallest living unit of ＂she＂ （clan） and thus display the main function of social differentiation, and that temple services may vary in range according to the ranks of gods and thus show a higher social integration function. It is only when clan and temple are combined for analysis that the integration mechanism of rural community can be perceived.