论汉末清议思潮与社会转型

清议思潮出现在东汉中后期。外戚和宦官轮流把持朝廷大权,以太学生为主的后备官吏集团发起了针砭时政、抨击宦官专权和评议人物的政治活动。最终遭到当局以党锢的方式从肉体加以打击,从思想意识上加以禁止。但清议从未停止,一直持续到汉末。清议是东汉中后期自下而上的一场统治阶级内部的自救活动,它改变了世人的传统观念、道德意识和价值取向,加速了汉末社会的转型。

On Political Criticism by Scholars in the Late Han Dynasty and the Social Transformation

Political criticism by scholars appeared in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.Power relatives and the eunuchs took turns holding the Imperial Court.Reserve officials bloc which is mainly made up by students launched a political activity about criticizing current politics,attacking the eunuch dictator and commenting personage.Eventually political criticism by scholars was attacked physically and banned from ideology by the authorities in the way of suppression of the conspiratorial cliques.But it has never stopped until the Han Dynasty.Political criticism by scholars is a governing class internal self-help activity from bottom to up in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.It has changed people’s traditional concept,moral consciousness and values.And it also accelerated the social transformation in the late Han Dynasty.