自我肯定的潜在机制与影响因素

自我肯定为何能减少个体对威胁的防御反应,它在何种情境下有效,是目前的研究热点。自我肯定减少防御反应可能是以自尊、自我概念、情绪或其它因素为中介,而认知加工的研究表明,它可能在信息加工的多个阶段起作用。一些因素制约自我肯定的运作及效能,包括肯定方式及内容、事件与个体的相关度、引入自我肯定的时机、个体受到肯定的领域和情境中态度客观的标准。未来需要整合认知加工与中介因素两方面的研究,探索影响因素与机制之间的关系,并考虑文化的影响。

Potential Mechanisms and Influencing Factors of Self-Affirmation

The reason why self-affirmation could reduce defensiveness triggered by threats,and condition under which it works are the hotspots of the current researches on mechanism of self-affirmation.Although it is hard to say whether self-affirmation functions through self-esteem or emotion or other mediating factors,evidence from cognitive processing studies implies that self-affirmation may involve with multiple stages of information processing.Furthermore,some key factors influence how self-affirmation functions and its effect,including ways and content of affirmation,personal relevance,the proper time for introducing self-affirmation,the affirmation domain and the standard of being unbiased.Future studies should integrate both research approaches,discuss the relationship between influencing factors and the mechanism of self-affirmation,and take cultural background into account.