半导体量子点在生物荧光分析中的应用

半导体纳米材料具有独特的光学性质,在过去的近二十年中引起了人们的广泛关注。其中研究最多的是半导体量子点。与传统的有机染色剂相比,表面充分钝化的量子点具有激发光谱宽,发射光谱窄且对称,最大发射波长位置可调,不易光解的特点,因此可以作为荧光探针对生物样品和细胞进行成功染色。若表面未加充分钝化,则量子点的荧光特性对周围环境的变化非常敏感,这是此类荧光探针检测无机离子、蛋白质、DNA的理论基础。本文综述了量子点在荧光染色剂和荧光探针中的应用,并对其存在问题和应用前景进行了分析讨论。

Application of semiconductor quantum dots in fluorimetric assay for biological materials

Nanostructured semiconductor materials with unique optical properties have generated great research interest in the past two decades. Most attention has been paid to quantum dots (QDs). Compared to conventional organic dyes, sufficiently passivated QDs appear to be less susceptible to photobleaching with much narrower emission spectra and tunable maximum emission wavelength, which have been successfully used as fluorescent reagents in imaging of biological samples and cells. If not well passivated, the luminescence of the QDs becomes very sensitive to their local environment, and detections of some inorganic ions, proteins, DNA conformations were developed based on this property. Applications of QDs as fluorescent dyes and probes for analysis of biological materials as well as its existing problems and possible development are discussed in this paper.