“中规中矩渐趋跄”——翁方纲倡“学人之诗”的背景分析

清代诗论家、诗人翁方纲所经历的乾隆、嘉庆两代皇帝都重视学问、褒奖学术，而官方所谓学问主要指知识积累的广泛性。“学人之诗”的提倡以对“盛世”的认同为前提，又与科举考试中恢复试帖诗相关。同时，既为作诗者提供了大兴文字狱时世之下的避祸之道，也不失为作诗的避俗避熟之道，更顺应了最高统治者对“学问”和“诗教”的重视。

Background Analysis of Weng Fanggang' s Advocating "the Intellectuals Poetry"

We the two emperors of ng Fanggang, poet and poetic reviewer of the Qing Dynasty, lived during the reign of Qianlong and Jiaging, both of whom attached importance to and praised and honoured knowledge and learnings, and what officially meant by so-called learnings was the extensiveness of knowledge accumulation. The premise for the advocation of “poems by learners” was the acknowledgement of the “flourishing age”, which also had something to do with the restoration of the cloze poems in the imperial competitive examination. It provided a way for poetic writers to avoid disaster at a time when literary inquisition prevailed, and it also served as a way for them to avoid what was vulgar and familiar. And furthermore, it conformed to the supreme ruler＇ s attachment of importance to “learnings” and “poetic education”.