论明初洪武时期的山东海防

明初洪武时期的海防与防御倭寇、海盗侵扰密不可分。明初洪武时期,山东是遭受倭寇侵害较为严重的地区。明太祖采取各种措施加强山东海防:一是与日本进行外交交涉,但以失败告终;二是厉行“海禁”政策,虽对防御倭寇起到了一定作用,但其负面影响更是深远;三是加强海防建设,包括建设水军、设置沿海卫所、建立海防工事等,并取得了显著成效。由于明太祖励精图治,洪武时期的山东海防部署日臻完善,初步形成了以卫所为中心、水陆配合的海防体系。但是,透析这些措施可以看出,明初洪武时期的海防政策在发挥积极作用的同时,已呈现出日趋消极保守的态势。

On the Coastal Defense of Shandong During the Hongwu Period

The coastal defense during the Hongwu Period is in close connection with the defense against the invasion of Japanese invaders and pirates.During the Hongwu Period,Shandong was an area subjected to the aggression of Japanese invaders.Zhu Yuanzhang adopted various measures to strengthen the coastal defense of Shandong.First,carried on the diplomacy negotiation with Japan,but ended up in failure.Second,strictly enforce "ban on foreign trade" policy.Third,strengthened the coastal defense construction.Because of the endeavors of Zhu Yuanzhang,the coastal defense deploying of Shandong became perfect day by day.But analyzing these measures,we can see that the coastal defense policy during the Hongwu Period not only exerts positive action but also tends to be negative and conservative.