荧光编码微球—流式细胞和生化分析技术及其最新发展

简述了流式细胞术的发展历史和工作原理。对该技术与荧光编码微球技术相结合而发展起来的高通量细胞和生化分析技术及其最新发展作了评述。流式细胞术是一种对流动液体中排成单列的细胞逐个进行检测的技术 通过检测得到相应细胞的光散射和荧光信号 进而测定细胞的大小、形状、DNA、RNA、表面受体、酶活性、膜通透性和钙流量等 在癌症和爱滋病研究 新药开发、干细胞和基因治疗、遗传学、家畜性别选择、农作物新品种开发等方面部有广泛应用。采用顺序进样技术,则可不必加压而实现少量样品的自动分析和作亚秒水平分子相互作用的动力学测量。将该技术与近年发展起来的荧光染料编码微球技术相结合,则成为一种可以与生物芯片技术相媲美的多组分同时分析技术。采用微流控芯片技术和发光半导体量子点编码微球技术 进一步改善了方法的适用性,某些主要性能甚至超过了生物芯片技术,有望从研究实验室逐步进入临床实验室,最终进入病房和寻常百姓家 成为防病、诊断和监护病人的重要手段。

Fluorescence-Encoded Micro-Beads/Flow Cytometric and Biochemical Analysis and Its Recent Advances

After a brief introduction to the historical development and operating principle of the flow cytometry, a novel high throughput technique for flow cytometric and biochemical analysis developed by combination of flow cytometry and fluorescence-encoded micro-beads and its new advances are reviewed. The flow cytomelry is a technique for examining physical and chemical properties of live cells, beads or other biologica particles in a flow stream as they pass through a flow cytometer which uses laser excited fluorescence and scattering signals to measure parameters such as size, shape, DNA content, surface receptors, enzyme activity, membrane permeability and calcium flux. This technique has gained wide applications in the areas such as cancer and HIV researches, drug discovery, stem cell and gene therapy, prenatal genetics, livestock sex selection and new crop development. By adopting sequential sample introduction, the automatic analyses of minute samples and the kinetic measurement of molecular interaction in sub-second domain arc possible without the use of pressurization. By combining it with the newly developed fluorescence-encoded micro-beads, a new multiplexed analytical technique comparable with the biochip technique is developed. The adoption of micro-fluidic chip and luminescent quantum dots encoded micro-beads improves further the flexibility of this technique and makes it. in some important respects, even better than the btochips. The technique has been used in research laboratories and is possible to be used in clinical labs, hospital wards and even ordinary families. It will become an important tool for preventing and diagnosing diseases.