南岛语族起源研究中的四个误区

国际人类学界在南岛语族起源研究的方法、思路上存在四个明显的误区。其一,语言学的对象局限于“今南岛”语群中,忽视了古、今南岛语族居住地的变迁。其二,受语言学上“台湾南岛原乡论”的影响,民族考古学上的南岛语族“闽台起源说”割裂了华南、乃至东南亚土著文化的统一性。其三,“扩张征服论”将南岛语族的起源看成新石器时代由台湾出发的“远征史”,同样有悖于亚洲东南至大洋洲广阔海洋地带间史前文化延续发展的客观进程。其四,中外学术间“古百越民族”和“今南岛语族”间的视角反向,制约了亚澳海洋地带土著民族史探索的广度和深度。

The Wrong Methodology in the Research of the Origins of Austronesians

The anthropologists misunderstand the origin and the history of Austronesians for their wrong methodology. The anthropological linguists investigate the Austronesian language speakers throughout Taiwan, the southeastern Asian archipelago and the Pacific islands as one part of them as the homeland of Austronesians. They neglect the change of living regions of Austronesians from the prehistory to recent times. Influenced by the linguistics theory taking the languages of the minority of Taiwan (Gaoshan nationalities) as Proto-Austronesians, the ethno-archaeologists propose that Austronesians have originated in Fujian and Taiwan by cutting the integration of aboriginal prehistoric cultures from south China to southeastern Asian and Pacific areas. They take it for granted that Austronesians as entirely agricultural peoples were dispersed from the Neolithic age on from Taiwan to the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Pacific islands. But the prehistoric archaeology reveals that the aboriginal cultures have originated in the Paleolithic age and passed on to the Neolithic and recent ages in the regions between the southeastern Asia and the Pacific islands. The contrary perspectives of the Ancient Yue Nationalities by Chinese scholars and the Recent Autronesian by some foreign anthropologists also restrict the academic interaction and deep research into aboriginal history of the oceanic region betweens Asia and Oceanic.