肃州南山的"哈剌秃"--以裕固族研究为中心

明人张雨<边政考>所列肃州南山的三个东迁部落,名"哈剌秃"."哈剌秃"为"黑"的意思.三部"哈剌秃"实际为两个部族--"帕泥"部和"赏不束"部,分别操古蒙古语和古突厥语.两部落最早为安定卫部落,东迁沙州后,因与左卫帖木哥部落仇杀,遂迁至肃州南山."帕泥"部即裕固族"曼台"部落前身;"赏不束"部后来成为裕固族"贺郎格"家之一部分.之所以称他们为"黑番"或"黑黄番",是因为东迁肃州后,他们一直依藏族居住,受藏族"喇嘛番僧"管束.

Tribe Halatu in Nanshan Suzhou:Study on Yugur Nationality as the Center

There are three tribes named Halatu,which migrated from the west to the east in Nanshan Suzhou according to Bian Zheng Kao by Zhang Yu of Ming Dynasty.Halatu means black.The three Halatu tribes actually belonged to two clans:Clan Pani and Clan Shangbushu.They spoke ancient Mongolian and ancient Turkish respectively.The two clans,originally belonging to Garrison Anding,migrated to Nanshan Suzhou for they had vendetta with Clan Tiemuge of Garrison Zuo when they moved eastern to Shazhou.Clan Pani was the predecessor of Clan Mantai of Yugu Nationality;Clan Shangbushu became part of Clan Helangge of Yugur Nationality.They were called Heifan or Heihuangfan because they lived together with the Tibetans and were under the control of Tibetan Clan Lamafanseng.