古希腊哲学家的系统整体性思想

虽然古希腊的哲学家们对世界本性的认识坚持了某种微观不变的简单性观念，但是他们在对一般事物的存在方式、运动状态和变化机理的论述方面却不同程度地渗透着整体性、复杂性的观念。无论是泰勒斯以水为始基的学说、赫拉克利特以火为始基的学说，还是阿那克西曼德的“无限”常住不变的学说，无论是巴门尼德的“存在”唯一、不变、密不可分的“共同体”学说，还是亚里士多德的“四因说”和整体先于部分的理论，都不同程度地体现着系统整体性的思想，并且还或多或少地渗透着事物在宏观构成和演化层面上具有复杂性的观念。

System Wholeness Thought of the Ancient Greek Philosophers

Although the ancient Greek philosophers persist in some kind of simple microcosmic unchangeable sense to the nature of world,their discussions on the mode of existence,the state of motion and the mechanism of change for general things display the thought of wholeness and complexity.No matter Thales's theory of primordium based on water,Herakleitos's theory of primordium based on fire,or Anaximandros's theory of infinite resident invariant,and no matter Parmenides's theory of community of existence only,inva...