英语世界对马克思意识形态理论的解读方式

20世纪80年代以来,以拉瑞恩、威廉斯、帕雷克、麦克里、霍尔、伊格尔顿、詹姆逊、派因斯、麦克莱伦等为代表的英语世界的研究者分别以专题性论著对马克思意识形态理论进行了持续至今的当代解读、探索与重建。这一过程包括三个方面的理论努力:第一,理论资源梳理,从"两个传统"、"两个阶段"、"两个比喻"和"经典定义"出发,探讨马克思意识形态概念在文献与语境中的起源与形成,并围绕中性化的阶级意识论,梳理意识形态理论在马克思身后(直至20世纪70年代)的马克思主义谱系中的演化;第二,研究主题转向,力图在马克思主义意识形态论谱系中凸显文化主题、扩大文化内涵,分别以"文化审美主义"、"文化大众主义"、"文化历史主义"和"文化唯物主义"等形式构建了当代的文化意识形态论,从而延续并融合了20世纪20、30年代西方马克思主义"文化转向"所开启的"文化马克思主义"意识形态理论研究新路径;第三,分析范式转换,在构建当代文化意识形态论时,力图摒弃传统机械决定论式的分析模式,代之以一种"总体—辩证法"分析范式,并由此力图重建历史唯物主义的当代形态。

Interpretations of the Marist Theory of Ideology by the English World

Since the 1980s,scholars from the English world,represented by Jorge Larrain,Raymond Williams,Stuart Hall,Terry Eagleton,David McLellan,Bhikhu Parekh,Fredric Jameson,Joseph McCarney and Christopher L.Pines,have interpreted the Marxist theory of ideology in a variety of ways in their monographs.These interpretations can be summarized as three theoretical efforts:first,theoretical literature review.Starting with "two traditions," "two stages," "two metaphors" and "classical definitions," these scholars explored the origin and emergence of the Marxist theory of ideology in literature and contexts.They also focused on the neutral theory of class consciousness and traced the evolution of ideology theory in the Marxist pedigree after Marx (till the 1970s).Second,a shift in the research subject.The scholars tried to highlight the theme of culture in the Marxist theory of ideology and expand the meaning of culture.They established the contemporary theory of cultural ideology in the forms of "cultural aesthetics," "cultural populism," "cultural historicism" and "cultural materialism," thereby continuing and incorporating the new approach to the theoretical research on ideology—— "cultural Marxism",which was initiated by the "cultural shift" of Western Marxism in the 1920s-1930s.Finally,a shift in the analytical paradigm.In establishing the contemporary theory of cultural ideology,they made an attempt to forsake the traditional analytical paradigm of mechanical determinism,and replaced it with the "general-dialectical" paradigm,so as to reestablish the contemporary form of historical materialism.