《名媛诗话》的自我指涉及其内文本建构

该文借助产生于结构主义转向后结构主义过程并广泛流行于当前西方文化研究中的互文性(in-tertextuality)或称文本互涉(intertext)理论,对清道咸才媛沈善宝在其《名媛诗话》中反映自身及其家系女性成员与文学的现象进行探讨。文章认为,具有诗话编撰者与诗人双重身份的沈善宝,在《名媛诗话》中不仅循例大量征引他人的前文本(pre-text)——包括本事、作品与批评,而且还体现了相当明显的自我指涉(auto-ref-erentiality)现象——即不时自我表述(包括其本人及其家庭/家族),从而在某种程度上将该诗话当作再现其自身(及其家系女性成员)历史与文学创作的文本空间。不过,沈善宝的处理方式并没有呈现为传统意义上的自传体叙述,而是在随机动态的过程中,将其自我指涉置于与其相关的诸多关系(文本/前文本)之中,由此构成一种涵蕴其间的互文性,或称之为"内文本"(intratextuality)建构。其最终效果,不仅使这种"内文本"建构成为该诗话整体的有机组成部分,还在貌似(自我指涉的)零碎拼合中浮现出沈善宝自身(历史与文学)的轮廓与影像。这样一种文本策略的运用及其价值取向,无疑是强化了女性自身(尤其是作为时代才媛领袖之一的沈善宝)在重构女性文学史过程中的责任感及参与感。

A Study of Auto-referentiality and Intratextuality in Mingyuan shihua

Employing the theories of intertextuality which now is popular in current Western cultural studies,this paper explores how Shen Shanbao,a poetess of the Qing Dynasty,expresses herself and female members of her family in Mingyuan Shihua(Notes on Female Poets).It holds that Shen Shanbao,as a compiler and poetess,not only quotes from numerous pre-texts,including personal data,works and critiques for them,but also includes obvious auto-referentiality referring to herself and female members of her extended family,making Mingyuan Shihua a platform to a show case of her personal history and literary works and those of the female members of her extended family.However,Shen Shanbao does not make it into an autobiography,but uses the auto-referentiality in the text/pretext concerned to form an intertextuality or intratextuality.This results in the intratextuality,which not only becomes an organic part of Mingyuan Shihua but also enables the silhouette of Shen Shanbao's personal history and literary works to be seen through the literature.Such a text tactics undoubtedly strengthens the sense of responsibility and participation of women themselves,especially for Shen Shanbao as a leader of poetesses,in the process of re-constructing the female literary history.