水电移民与少数民族的生产、生活方式和风俗习惯的冲突与调适研究

在一定环境中生活较长时间的少数民族,他们的生产、生活方式和风俗习惯会固化在他们的头脑里,一旦改变会给他们造成很多痛苦。而水电建设会导致移民搬迁,改变他们生存的环境,造成他们的生产、生活方式和风俗习惯不适应。为此,国务院令和相关规范指出"移民安置规划应当尊重少数民族的生产、生活方式和风俗习惯",但在水电工程中的安置地选择、基础设施重建和安置补偿的条例、规范中没有具体的规定和阐述。由于不同地区、不同的民族会有不同的生产、生活方式和风俗习惯,对其生产、生活方式和风俗习惯的保持与否会有不同的想法,本文对此提出按"以前的风俗习惯和移民意愿"进行移民安置的想法,并就云南滇西地区的民族移民的风俗习惯、思想状况和一些存在的问题进行了调查,按文化要素分别提出了对策。

Research on the Conflict and Regulation between the Respect for Productions,Life Styles and Customs of Ethnic Immigrants and Hydropower Project

Ethnic people, having been living in a certain environment for a long period, have their produc- tion, life styles and customs deeply rooted in their minds. Any change would cause pain to them. The hydro- power construction will force them to remove from their familiar homeland and resettle down in another strange land, which may change their living environment, their productions, life styles and customs. Therefore, the Chinese State Council Order and the rel~ated regulations point out ＂the resettlement plan of ethnic immigrants shall respect the culture of the ethnic people and take their productions, life styles and customs into considera- tion,＂ but there are no codes and regulations stipulated and expounded in hydropower project resettlement selec- tion, infrastructure reconstruction and resettlement compensation. Because different minorities in different re- gions have different productions, life styles and customs, they will exist different ideas as to how to preserve their respective productions, life styles and customs. This paper points out that resettlement can be successfully handled according to the ethnic immigrants＇ established customs and thoughts. Investigation has also been car- ried out in the paper on the ethnic immigrants＇ customs, mental state and some existing problems in western parts of Yunnan Province, thus putting forward countermeasures according to their respective cultural factors.