北魏前期的文化政策与文学精神

北魏拓跋鲜卑向往汉族文化，然而又惧怕全面汉化；崇尚儒家积极进取的精神，又猜忌与压制汉族文人。在这样的文化政策指引下，北魏前期的文人隐藏起自己高超的汉族文化与文学，向低级的拓跋鲜卑文化与文学靠拢，导致北魏前期文坛的萧条。拓跋鲜卑民族文学的原始朴拙、简单质朴、流利顺畅、口语化的特点，正是北魏前期的文学精神。

Cultural Policy and Literary Spirit in the Early Stage of the Northern Wei Dynasty

In the early stage of the Northern Wei Dynasty, although Tuoba Xianbei admired the culture of Han nationality, they were afraid of its all-round influence. Consequently, on the one hand they advocated the Confucian enterprising spirit; one the other, they were suspicious of and suppressed the literati of Han nationality. Under the guidance of such cultural policy, the scholars at that time concealed their excellent cultural and literary knowledge and drew close to those low standard culture and literature of Tuoha Xianbei, which resulted in the desolation in the literary world in the early days of the Northern Wei Dynasty. The literature of Tuoba Xianbei was characterized by being primitive and unskillful, simple and unadorned, smooth, and colloquial, which was the literary spirit in the early days of the Northern Wei Dynasty.