人类历史上有过群婚吗？——对摩尔根婚姻进化论的反思

摩尔根的群婚论自问世以来,就遭到人类学家的猛烈抨击,到20世纪三四十年代,这一理论就被西方学术界所彻底摒弃。现代西方人类学家的一致看法是,人类历史上没有存在过群婚,一夫一妻制婚姻始终是人类最普遍的婚姻形式。但是建国后,我国学术界却一直把摩尔根的理论奉为＂经典＂,迄今为止仍然如此。造成这种现状的原因,一是摩尔根的理论曾受到马克思、恩格斯的高度赞扬,二是中国人自古就有远古先民曾经群婚的观念,三是我们把原始人想象为动物,四是我们常常把兄弟姊妹互为夫妻的神话当作真实的历史事实。但这些都是错误的观念,我们的原始社会史研究已远远落伍了。

Did Group Marriage Exist in Human History？——Introspection of Morgan＇s Marriage Evolution

Morgan＇s theory of group marriage has been strongly criticized by anthropologists.This theory was completely abandoned by Western academics in 1930s and 1940s.Modern Western anthropologists＇ consensus was that no group marriage existed in human history,and monogamous marriage has always been the most common form of marriage.But since the founding of PRC,Morgan＇s theory has been regarded as the ＂classic＂ by Chinese academic circle.The situation was formed for the following reasons： first,Morgan＇s theory has been highly praised by Marx and Engels;second,Chinese people has formed the concept of group marriage since ancient times;third,we imagine primitive people as animals;fourth,we often see the myth that brothers and sisters can be husbands and wives as the true historical facts.However these ideas are false conceptions,and the studies on the history of primitive society has been far behind the times.