供应链企业投资RFID技术的成本分摊研究

RFID作为“物联网”的核心技术，其应用已扩展至供应链领域，为供应链管理带来极大的便利。然而目前RFID技术的应用几乎都是上游投资、下游受益，这极大地损害了上游企业投资RFID技术的积极性。为了采用RFID技术有效地管理供应链，其成本的合理分摊是一个迫切需要解决的问题。本文针对适合不同行业的几种典型供应链契约--批发价格契约、收益共享契约、回购契约，分别建立了相应的RFID技术应用的成本分摊模型，通过严密的数学推导，得出了链上企业可承担的RFID技术成本阈值、成本分摊系数区间以及合理的收益分配方案，并获得了相应的管理启示。该研究为供应链企业投资RFID技术提供了科学的成本分摊依据。

Research on the Cost-sharing of Adopting RFID Technology among Supply Chain Enterprises

As the core technology of "Internet of Things", the adoption of RFID has been extended to supply chain management and also brought a great convenience. But now the fact is that the upstream firms invest but the downstream enterprises benefit in current situation, which greatly damages the initiative of upstream enterprises to adopt RFID technology. In order to improve the effective of supply chain with RFID technology, the reasonable cost allocation of RFID needs to be solved first. In this paper, considering several typical supply chain contracts which suit for different industries, the corresponding cost allocation models of RFID are established such as the wholesale price contract, revenue-sharing contract, buy-back contract. Through rigorous mathematical derivation, the cost thresholds at which RFID technology investment becomes profitable and get a reasonable region of cost allocation coefficient with different contracts are obtained. Further, a scientific allocation basis are providecl when the supply chain enterprises investing in RFID technology.