伊朗伊斯兰共和国政治体制探究

1979年伊朗爆发了伊斯兰革命，从表面看，革命的胜利是政教合一体制建立的主要原因。然而在经过两伊战争、政治孤立、经济制裁、伊核危机和总统大选风波后，这种政治体制仍能稳步发展且依然具有活力的深层原因很值得研究。本文将通过波斯传统的政治思想、伊斯兰教什叶派的宗教思想、外来现代化思想的影响和其他模式尝试的失败等四个方面来揭示这一体制得以确立和发展的内在根源。

The Political System of Islamic Republic of Iran

Islamic republic is the name given to the states which are ruled by Islamic laws, including the Islamic Republics of Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Mauritania. Among these countries, Iran joined the process of modernization earlier than the others, but after several social reforms in Pahlavi Dynasty, the Islamic Revolution broke out in 1979 and the Pahlavi Dynasty was overthrown. The new regime is directed by the theory on separation of three powers under governance of the jurist. The victory of the revolution seemed to be a basic reason for adopting ＂theocracy＂ in Iran, while after Iran-Iraq war, political isolation, economic sanction, the nuclear issue and election crisis, the reason why such a political system can still make progress and keep effective should be studied further. This article aims to analyze the historical roots of the establishment of this political system in terms of traditional political thoughts of ancient Persian, religious thoughts of Shi＇i Islam, thoughts on modernization from western countries and failures of the other reforms.