满-通古斯诸民族与朝鲜民族民间叙事文学中神鹿的象征意蕴

从远古时期起,满—通古斯诸民族先民和朝鲜民族先民就生活在中国东北大、小兴安岭到三江流域的有着广阔原始森林的严寒地带。鹿是他们主要的捕猎对象,也是他们所崇拜的图腾。原始先民观念的发展大体相继出现了自然崇拜、图腾崇拜和祖先崇拜。从满—通古斯诸民族和朝鲜民族的民间叙事文学看,上述各观念阶段出现的神鹿分别象征着宇宙动物、人母、天地之间使者等。

The Symbolic Meaning of the Divine Deer in the Folk Stories of Manchu-Altaic and Korean Ethnic Groups

The ancestors of Altaic ethnic groups,including Manchu,Ewenks,Oroqen,Hezhen,Xibe and Korean,began to live in China's Greater and Lesser Xing'an Mountains and the Three-River Basin from ancient times.The area is covered with primitive forests and the climate there is cold all year round.The ancestors made living on deer hunting so deer became their totem.Humans generally experienced the worship of nature first,then totem and then the ancestors.The Divine Deer described in the folk stories of these ethnic groups symbolized the heavenly animal,mother of humans and the messenger from the God respectively.