秦汉时期炎黄崇拜的神人转换

秦汉时期的炎黄崇拜因藉政权变革的需要，具有神人分离转换的历史特征，秦朝主水德，上接周统，炎黄崇拜神性失落并几近绝迹，汉高祖初称“赤帝子”，旨在灭秦；复称“黑帝子”，旨在汉代周德，否认秦朝的正统地位，炎帝始为汉神，终遭冷落，文帝，景帝时期推行黄老政治，黄帝从天庭回到人间，转化为远古无为而治的圣君，汉武帝炫耀文治武功，祈求长生永命，主土德，封禅泰山，黄帝顿成遗授神策，羽化登仙的天帝，司马迁原始察终，整齐史故，其《史记》涵蕴宗黄大一统思想，黄帝成为华夷诸族的民族共祖和中华文明的肇始人君，王莽借助和平政变手段篡汉称帝，主土德，鼓吹尧帝禅舜，王氏代刘，黄帝又成了刘、王帝室的血缘初祖，，汉光武帝远承汉高祖“赤帝子”神话，主火德，旨在复兴汉室，炎帝崇拜重新抹上天命色彩，秦汉炎黄崇拜神人分离转换的轨迹说明，秦汉时期并无真正意义上的神权，神权只是皇权缘于自身政治需要而随意玩弄的谶纬道具，这既是整个中国封建时代的显著文化特征，也是中西封建社会判若鸿沟的主要思想标志。

The Conversion of God-man in the Worship of Yan Di and Huang Di in Qin and Han Dynasty

The worship of Yan Di and Huang Di had the historical characteristics of separation and conversion of God-man in Qin and Han Dynasty because of changes in the political power. The conversion of God-man indicated the theocracy in Qin and Han Dynasty was simply divination combined with mystical Confucianist belief employed by the imperial power because of its own political demands. It is not only outstanding cultural characteristics of Chinese feudal society; but also a main sign of thought between Chinese and Western feudal society.