建构中国的公民身份理论：作为一种内化伦理的积极公民身份的建设

中国公民身份的特殊产生途径与现状需要我们提出与之相适应的中国公民身份理论。公民身份由制度、意识与行为三个层面的内容构成。公民身份意识的培育，需要国家通过公民教育的途径，把公民身份的价值意义、个体与国家的关系、权利与义务的关系、个体权利与国家权力的关系以及公民个体之间的关系，内化为一种个体伦理与集体伦理。在这种内化伦理的基础上，通过公民在政治话语与社会核心价值构筑过程中的参与行为，通过把权利转化为行使权利，以及通过公民对社会共识与社会合作的推动，建设一种自由的、参与的、服从的和被包纳进来的积极公民身份，并通过这种公民身份的建设来实现政治转型。

Towards a Citizenship of China:the Building of Active Citizenship as an Internalized Ethics

The special emerging way and the conditions of Chinese citizenship prompt us to create a citizenship theory adaptable to China.Citizenship comprises of the ingredients of the institutional,conscious,and behavioral levels.The state needs to breed citizenship consciousness for its citizens by means of civic education in the following respects and internalize them as an individual and collective ethics: the value and worth of the citizenship,the relations between individual and state,rights and duties,individual rights and state powers,and the relations amongst individuals.Based upon the internalized ethics and by way of their participations in the building process of political discourse and social core values,the transformation from rights into exercising rights,and their roles in improving the formation of social consensus and coordination,the citizens become free,participatory,obedient and active citizens,and the state succeeds in political transformation.