论德鲁克目标管理的理论渊源

1954年,管理大师德鲁克在《管理实践》一书中首次提出了“目标管理”的概念和体系。这个概念和体系是在前人理论铺垫的基础上建立起来的。在德鲁克之前,就曾经有许多管理学先驱对组织中的“目标”十分重视,并对其在组织中的作用及与组织中相关因素的关系进行了精辟的论述。在此基础上,德鲁克看到了以“目标”为中心的理论的延展性和科学性,最终综合、完善并发展了前人的“目标”理论,创造了目标管理体系,并且把“目标管理”发展成为一种管理哲学。也正因为如此,德鲁克创建的目标管理体系至今仍被各种组织机构广泛应用。

On the Theoretical Origin of Drucker's Management By Objectives

In 1954,Peter F.Drucker,great master of management,first put forward the concept and system of "Management By Objectives" in his The Practice of Management,which were founded on the basis of predecessors' research achievements.Before the birth of his theories,many management scholars had already paid close attention to the "objectives" in organization,and taken a brilliant exposition on its role upon organization and its relation with relative factors in the organization.On the basis,Drucker noticed the ductility and scientific reasoning of "objective"-centered theory,integrated and improved predecessors' achievement,and created the management system and upgraded it into a philosophy of management.For this reason,Drucker's system of Management by Objectives so far has been widely adopted in all kinds of organizations and institutions.