“走马”为秦爵小考

最近发现的岳麓书院藏秦简所见材料,反映了走马在秦代为爵称,而非官称,且秦爵走马相当于汉二十等爵中的簪袅.簪袅、走马在字面上都可理解为驱马疾驰.秦汉爵称由职名演变而来,簪袅与周官走马的地位也是相适应的.走马、簪袅二名在秦代可能通用,汉初整理爵位时对同爵异称的情况进行了规范,从而废止了爵称走马的使用.

An Investigation on Zouma is the Rank of Nobility in Qin Dynasty

According to the Qin bamboo slips kept in Yuelu academy, Zouma is the rank of nobility instead of official name in Qin dynasty, and it is equivalent to Zanniao which belong to the twenty ranks of nobility of Western Han Dynasty. Both Zouma and Zanniao can be understood literally as spurring horse forward. The names of ranks of nobility in Qin and Han dynasty are evolved from official names. The position of Zanniao is also compatible with Zouma in officials system of Zhou dynasty. Zouma and Zanniao maybe interchangeable in Qin dynasty, but rulers of Han dynasty standardized the case of same rank of nobility has different manes and thus fallen zouma into disuse.