对私营企业主阶层的几点认识

在我国，私营企业主阶层具有资本家和建设者双重品格，在实践上具有两面性。他们的活动有劳动的一面，但其财富的主要来源是占有雇佣劳动者的剩余价值。马克思对劳动价值论的新贡献是：科学论证了只有劳动才是创造价值的真正源泉，揭示了价值所体现的是人们的社会关系；阐明了劳动创造价值的社会条件；创造了剩余价值理论。三者具有内在本质联系，核心和精华是剩余价值论。马克思的这一基本原理必须坚持但应深化和发展。劳动本身在价值上具有二重性：一切劳动都体现了人的本质属性，都是社会所必需的，因而不分贵贱，在质上具有同等价值，这是所有人在人格上一律平等的基础；同时，各人能力有大小，贡献不一样，不同劳动在量上是有差别的，应贯彻多劳多得的分配原则。

On the Class of Private Entrepreneurs

In China, a private entrepreneur enjoys dual character of both a capitalist and a constructer. Their activities include labor, but their wealth comes primarily from their exploitation of the surplus value of the employed. A new contribution of Marxism to the theory of surplus value shows that the real source of the surplus value lies in labor. This illustrates that what the value reveals is the social relations of men. The social condition of value created by labor, therefore, creates the theory of surplus value. These three enjoy an integral relationship of their own, while the surplus value remains to be the core among them.