从贝耶—多尔法案看知识产权立法对产学研一体化的影响

20世纪最后15年以来,美国因技术创新带动了长期快速增长期,尤其是90年代的新经济时期,这一经济奇迹的取得与美国知识产权保护制度建设息息相关。其中,贝耶—多尔(Bayh-Dole)法案对美国产学研一体化起到了决定性影响,这一法案鼓励美国大学积极地将它们的科研成果迅速地向产业部门转让,将美国大学真正成为美国技术政策的组成部分。这一法案及其之后的一系列法案的出台,极大地激励了大学产学研一体化的科研管理变革,也使研究型大学开始转变为创新型大学,提高了科研成果转化效率,并最终使美国产业技术得以快速提升。

On the Influence of Intellectual Property Legislation on the Integration of Industry, Education and Research from the Aspect of Bayh-Dole Act

Since the last 15years of the 20th century, especially in New Economy Times of the 1990s, American economy has entered a fast track caused by technological innovation. This achievement of economic miracle has been deeply related to the development of American intellectual property institution. In fact, the Bayh-Dole Act has played a decisive role in America's integration of industry, education and research. It was this Act that accelerated the application of research findings to industry and really turned American universities into a part of American technological policies. The implementation of Bayh-Dole Act and a series of succeeding acts greatly spurred the research management reform in American university's integration of industry, education and research. Meanwhile, they also transformed the research-oriented university into the innovation-oriented university, which improved the conversion efficiency of technological achievements and rapidly upgraded American industrial technology eventually.