浊音清化的次序问题

从现代方言和零星的语音史材料看 ,汉语中的浊音清化依音类字类的不同而有先后次序之别 ,且分三种类型 :1.以发音方法为条件 ,擦音先清化 ,塞擦音次之 ,塞音最后清化 ;2 .以声调为条件 ,或仄先平后 ,或平先仄后 ,有多种子类型 ;3.以字类为条件 ,常用词或方言固有词先清化 ,非常用词或书面用词、外来词后清化。语音史上的浊音清化可能也因方言及音类字类的不同而有先后之别 ;现代汉语方言中浊音清化后不同的送气类型应该是中古以来不同的清化方式及条件使然

Order of Initial Devoicing Reflected in the Chinese Dialects

From the evidence sporadically found in the history of Chinese and plentifully shown in modern Chinese dialects, we find three types of conditions concerning the order of initial devoicing: 1). By manner of articulation, the fricatives go first, then affricates, and stops last; 2). By tones, the obstruents in the syllables of level tone devoice first and then of oblique tone or reverse, or that of some specific tone devoice before that of other tones; and 3). By word group: the obstruents in the colloquial words devoice first and then that in the literary words. These three types of initial devoicing order suggest that the same procedure may have happened in ancient Chinese. Thus the different types of aspiration of initials shown in the Chinese dialects come from different procedures and conditions of initial devoicing that have been taking place since Middle Age.