当代国际贸易中非关税壁垒的新体系及其作用机理

随着世界贸易组织对关税和传统非关税壁垒的约束,非关税壁垒形成以技术壁垒为核心的,包括技术壁垒、环境壁垒、社会壁垒和道德壁垒在内的新体系,成为当代国际贸易的新贸易壁垒.相对于传统贸易壁垒,新型非关税壁垒表现出合理与保护的二重性、保护方式的隐蔽性和实施标准、法规和程序的复杂性,从壁垒的实施过程来看,新型非关税壁垒具有数量控制和价格控制的双重限制作用.

The new system of non-tariff barriers and their functional mechanism in current international trade

With WTO setting strict restraint on tariff and traditional non-tariff trade barriers, modern non-tariff barriers gradually form a new system with technical barrier as its core, and become a kind of new trade barrier in the current international trade. The new non-tariff barrier system consists of technical barrier, environmental barrier, social barrier and moral barrier. Compared with traditional ones, the new non-tariff barriers are of reasonable grounds and trade protection. The ways they employ are disguised and their application involves complex standards, laws and procedures. As far as the results are concerned, the new non-tariff trade barriers present themselves with double functions of quantitative restriction and price control.