被怀疑的华佗——中国古代外科手术的历史轨迹

由其生前的声名隆盛到后世对他的怀疑,再到近代西学东渐之后传统医界对他的"重新发现",华佗外科术的声誉在一千多年里经历了一个马鞍形历程。华佗身后不久,主流医学已开始逐渐将外科手术排斥在外。"残存"的外科手术绝大多数是体表型小手术,腹腔外科手术付之阙如,人们对华佗的事迹感到难以置信,甚至有将其归为神怪传说者。直到接触近代西方外科医学的成就才使国人相信华佗外科术确实可能存在过。基于重塑自信的需求,部分知识分子以西学中源论为基调对华佗进行褒扬,影响深远。华佗外科术声誉的一波三折能从侧面反映中国传统医学外科术发展的脉络和近代西学东渐后国人的微妙心态。

HUA Tuo in Suspicion:Historical Path of Surgery in Ancient China

The reputation of HUA Tuo's Surgery has experienced a U-shaped course during the past 1 000 years.His surgical skills had a good reputation before his death but was suspected by later generation.It was until modern times that the skill was re-acknowledged by the traditional medicine.Soon after his death,surgery was gradually excluded by mainstream medical science.As the remains of surgery were mainly the small surgery on body surface while lacking in surgery on abdominal cavity,HUA Tuo's surgical skills see...