19世纪末20世纪初中国商人阶层的崛起

在漫长的中国封建社会中,商业被"贬之日末务",商人也位于"四民"之末,士农工商的地位归序似乎成了中国封建社会亘古不变的模式.然而到了19世纪末20世纪初,随着民族危机日益加深,"商战"呼之欲出,商人团体相继成立,商会诞生,商人政治意识提高并且对政治广泛参与,使商人的社会地位发生了根本性的变化.商人阶层坚持不懈地努力终于迎来了清政府自上而下的重商措施的出台.清延设立商部以指导商人组织,制定商律以规范商人行动,颁行一系列工商的法规以奖商恤商,一系列新经济政策的实施使社会舆论开始从抑商转为誉商,商人在社会上广受赞扬,官员也开始纷纷投资经商.所有这些,促进了中国新的绅商阶层的形成,并进而带动了整个商人阶层随之崛起.

The Rising of China's Merchant Class in the End of the 19th Century and the Beginning of the 20th Century

In the long feudal society of China,merchants have long been degraded as the last trade that one can pursue,ranking the end of four classes of the masses in the constant mode of Chinese feudal society.However,in the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century,merchant groups were established one after another with the ever-serious crises of our nation.They through positive involvement in political activities raised their political awareness,and their positions were totally lifted.Finally,m...