典故词语的构词与立目问题

通过大量事例着重阐述典故的构词特点，研究典故词的立目原则和方法。指出典故词是“介于词与语之间的非词非语”的一类，结构样式有的像词，有的像语。有偏正、联合、主谓、述补、述宾、状谓等多种。所有典故词基本都离不开入、地、物、事四大要素，由这些要素中的某两个或几个组成，也有少数借助语境只取其中的一个。事典词语往往结构松散，在立目上可取用典故要素提取的方式。立目时要注意尽量彰显典故，显示其与普通词语的不同，立目原则要根据词典性质而有所区分，注意方便读者对典故的查找，可吸取类书的特点，为词典编制人、地、物、事要素索引。

On the Word-building and Item-establishing of Classical Allusions

This paper elaborates the word-building characteristics of classical allusions and thus probes into the item-establishing principles and methods through abundant cases. It points out that classical allusions are the ones that stand on the borderline between words and set phrases, among which some resemble words while others set phrases in structural style. Character, spot, object and affair are four elements to all classical allusions which are composed of two or more elements or even one in the specific context. Dictionary words are frequently loose in structure, thus element abstraction can be applied in its item-establishing. In the course of item-establishing, its distinction from the common words should be highlighted. Principles of item-establishing should vary according to the nature of dictionary. Reference books with material taken from various sources and arranged according to subjects can be set as an example, and index of the above four elements needs to be compiled to provide Convenience for readers when they refer to classical allusions.