条约规则如何成为一般习惯法——以《海洋法公约》为考察重点

在现代国际法中,条约是形成习惯国际法的一种重要载体。通过条约来形成习惯国际法主要有两种情况:一是若干条约规则成为习惯法,二是条约整体成为习惯法。前者主要通过三种方式来实现:(1)编纂现行习惯法规则,(2)明确正在形成的习惯法规则,(3)促进习惯法的逐渐发展,为此须具备条约的造法性、条约的普通性、通例、法律明信等条件。后者主要采用一揽子协议方式,除须具备上述条件之外,还应符合有大量的利益受该条约影响的缔约国和条约不可保留等条件。这四种方式在《海洋法公约》都得到了运用。 

How Treaty Rules Become Customary International Law:UNCLOS 1982 as an Example

In modern international law,treaties are an important carrier to create customary international law.There are two situations to form customary international law by way of a treaty: One is certain treaty rules' becoming customary law,the other is a treaty as a whole becoming customary law.The former has three forms:(1) codifies existing customary rules;(2) crystallizes emergent customary rules;(3) initiates the progressive development of customary rules.To create customary law by these ways,the requirements ...