马克思主义生态哲学思想践行及其当代价值

马克思主义生态哲学包含着基础理论、现实需求、实践路径三个维度,本文从这三个方面对马克思主义生态哲学展开论述。马克思提出了“现实的个人”的核心概念,成为了马克思主义生态哲学的起点和前提,现实的人和物的关系进入了马克思考察的范围之内。在此基础上,马克思的思想发展为唯物史观,“实践”这一观点获得了其思想中统领和核心的地位,通过实践的视角和方法,在处理人与人、社会、自然三者之间的关系过程中发挥了连接现实的力量。恩格斯则将马克思主义生态哲学的具体阐释和方法总结为自然辩证法,通过对人类历史实践的具体考察,揭示出人与自然之间复杂关系的发展历程,提供了科学的方法论。马克思生态哲学尤其关注现实社会及其产生的生态危机,强调将剖析深入到资本主义社会中,探寻生态危机所产生的表象问题背后的根源在于资本逻辑。伴随着资本的产生和不断发展,一方面带来了生产力和社会的巨大发展和进步,一方面形成的资本逻辑不断作用于人、社会以及自然界,通过支配和利用不同形式的自然力进而控制和影响自然界。资本首先创造出一个普遍有用性的体系,并在效用性这一根本原则上对待自然界,造成人与自然界关系的异化。其次资本遵循无限增值的定律,自然界的资源被无限地投入资本生产中,加剧了资本主义社会的根本矛盾。最后资本对活劳动即劳动者个人的生存和发展也产生了极大的影响。当今中国社会也面临着严峻的生态环境问题,有着复杂的历史原因,在中国特色社会主义社会发展的新时期,矛盾又有着特殊的表现形式,为切实有效地解决所出现的问题,本文从三个方面尝试提出解决方案。一是实现“生态人”的转变,构建人的新型存在形式,克服资本逻辑对个人的消极影响,通过改变个人的经济行为和生活方式,使个人重新回归自身,实现自由发展。二是实施生态文明新举措,改善生态环境,在社会主义制度下,采取一系列符合我国国情的政策措施与法规,将会切实有效地改善当前的生态危机。三是通过共建“人类命运共同体”,实现生态文明的新发展,面向新的文明形态——生态文明,需要我们从人类社会与文明发展的大局出发,统筹考虑,需要各国各地区认清事实,通力合作。

Practice of Marxist Ecological Philosophy and Its Contemporary Value

Marxist ecological philosophy contains three dimensions:basic theory,practical needs,and practical paths.This paper discusses Marxist ecological philosophy from those three dimensions.Marx put forward the core concept of“real individual”,which became the starting point and premise of Marxist ecological philosophy,and the relationship between human and object in reality was included in Marx's investigation.On this basis,Marx's thoughts developed into a historical materialism.The view of“practice”has gained the dominance and core position in his thoughts.Through the perspective and method of practice,he has found the power to connect reality when dealing with the three issues of human beings,society,and nature.Engels summarized the specific interpretation and methods of Marxist ecological philosophy as dialectics of nature.Through a detailed examination of human historical practice,he revealed the development process of the complex relationship between human and nature,and provided a scientific methodology.Marx's ecological philosophy paid special attention to the real society and the ecological crisis that it produced.It emphasized that the analysis of the ecological crisis should go deeper into the capitalist society,and probe into the capital logic,the root cause behind the problems caused by the ecological crisis.Along with the emergence and continuous development of capital,on the one hand,it has brought about tremendous development and progress of productive forces and society;on the other hand,the capital logic formed has continuously affected human,society and nature.Controlling and affecting nature through utilizing and exploiting natural forces of all forms.Capital first creates a system with universal usefulness,and treats nature based on the fundamental principle of utility,causing alienation of the relationship between man and nature.Secondly,capital follows the rule of unlimited appreciation,so natural resources are infinitely invested in capital production,which aggravates the fundamental contradiction of capitalist society.Finally,capital also has a great impact on the survival and development of individual laborers.The severe ecological and environmental problems that the current Chinese society are faced with have complex historical reasons.In the new development period of socialist society with Chinese characteristics,contradictions have special manifestations.This paper put forward solutions to the problems as follows.First,realize the transformation to“ecological people”,construct a new form of human existence,overcome the negative influence of capital logic on individuals,and change individuals’economic behaviors and lifestyles to make individuals return to themselves and achieve free development.Second,implement new measures of ecological civilization and improve the ecological environment.Under the socialist system,adopt a series of policy measures and regulations in line with China's national conditions so as to effectively improve the current ecological conditions.Third,realize the new development of ecological civilization through the co?construction of the“community of common destiny for mankind”.Faced with a new form of civilization,ecological civilization,all countries should cooperate together based on the overall situation of the development of human society and civilization.