国史、国学与国家——浅释民初清华国学研究院四位史家之思想与史学

清华大学四大史家梁启超、王国维、陈寅恪与李济之人生路程、人生观与文化观,有诸多相似之处。他们都生于清朝末年,都是南方人,"旧学"根底都很深厚,都对"西学"即所谓"现代科学"与"科学方法"下过功夫。以上四点对他们的学术路程、思想定向、世界观与人生观都有决定性的影响。四位史家到清华执教时,思想与国家观已成型,以后鲜有改变,而其最后之生命归宿亦因之而注定。四位先生之治学皆起始于国学,后转究西学,再回应国运与世势之变而归入国史之研究,乃成其终身大业。其间由于家世、家学、个人品性与人格、人生经验、立身之文化观与世界观等等因素之异殊,而使其个别经验路程不同,但亦各有创新国学系统与开辟国史新研究领域之划时代贡献。清华国学研究院在中国近代学术史与教育制度史上具有里程碑意义,与四位史家密切相关。四位史家在清华执教的1925年夏至1929年春这段时间,为清华国学研究院的黄金时期,使清华成为中国史学第一重镇,短短四年间培养出数十位史学精英。总之,国家变化、政治失修、社会失调及于个人世界之安危,使中国学术出现新局面,而国史之重整与翻新亦多为其相连之结果。

History,Learning and Nation in China:Thoughts and Historical Research of Four Tsinghua Historians in the Early Years of the Republic

Tsinghua University boasted four great historians:LIANG Qi-chao,WANG Guo-wei,CHEN Yin-que and LI Ji,who resembled each other in terms of life experience and shared similar views on life and culture.All of them were born in the late Qing Dynasty in southern China,and were well-trained in both traditional Chinese learning and Western learning-modern science and scientific methodology.These had decisively shaped their academic career,intellectual orientation and views of the world and life.When they joined the...