张振武案与民初政党政治

张振武是辛亥武昌首义人士之一,因与黎元洪不合,被黎电请袁世凯于1912年8月15日枪杀于北京。民初试行西方式的政党政治,形成激进的国民党与相对稳健的共和党两大政党的对峙格局。事发之初,对于政府的这一违法行为,两党均以参议院为阵地,提出质问书、弹劾案及查办案。虽因袁、黎为首的旧官僚对国会议员分化拉拢,加之两党人士自身的不健全,两党之间陷入激烈党争,使得弹劾案未能成立,而张振武案最终也不了了之,但国会对于政府的监督功能亦在一定程度上得以表现。民初国会并非毫无作用的政治摆设。

Zhang Zhenwu Case and Party Politics at the Beginning Period of The Republic of China

Zhang Zhenwu was one of the first to rise in Wuchang revolt in Xinhai Year.As he had feuded with Li Yuanhong,he was shot with the order of Yuan Shikai in Beijing on August 15,1912.It created a national shock.At the beginning period of the Republic of China,the western-style party politics was attempted,Kuo Min Dang,the Nationalist Party,and the Republican Party,a Constitutionalism faction both required to investigate the matter as this was an illegal activity.United efforts came taking the congress as the position,proposed the interrogation, impeachment and investigation all along,displaying political parties their surveillance function.But Yuan Shikai,Li Yuanhong and the old bureaucrats finally won over for the Constitutionalism Faction political parties were seriously split and some public figures of the two parties were not perfect.And the impeachment failed to be established.Zhang Zhenwu case finally ended up with nothing definite,and Yuan Shikai violated the provisional constitution once more.This article emphasizes,however,that the function of surveillance,of checks in the government of early Republic of China still worked to a certain extent through the Zhang Zhenwu case,and the congress then was not merely a puppet.