当代城乡居民的生活结构

把一个人拥有的社会关系和参与的社会团体作为生活结构的构成要素,来考察城乡居民的生活结构,可以发现:越是农村特征显著的地区,居民的生活越依赖于非正规性社会关系;城乡居民都没有积极地参与社会团体,生活结构主要由以亲戚、邻居为主的非正规性社会关系构成;城市居民因形成的社会关系少,又没有积极地参与社会团体,因此与社会结构的结合相对松弛一些;城乡居民拥有的社会关系和参与的社会团体因个人社会特征而不同。这种差异是由于社会结构的变动在城乡间、宏观层面和微观层面、物质领域和意识领域不同步,以及城乡居民在社会结构中的不同位置而引起的。

The Life Structure of Urban and Rural Residents

This research focuses on the life structure of urban and rural residents by taking the formation of social relations and the participation in social communities as the two constituent elements of life structure.The major findings are as follows.1.The more remote the rural area is,the more its residents' life relies on the informal social relations.2.Both urban and rural residents have not participated in social communities actively,and their life structure mainly consists of informal social relations.3.Because of lack of social relations and inactiveness in participating in social communities,the combination between the urban residents and the social structure is relatively slack.4.Owing to the difference of individual social characteristics,urban and rural residents present different tendencies in the formation of social relations and participation in social communities.All in all,the difference between the life structures of urban and rural residents results from the different changes of social structure between the urban and rural,the macro-and micro-level,the material and psychological aspect,as well as from the different social positions in social structure between urban and rural residents.