中国的财政支出与城乡收入差距

 当前我国城乡收入差距正呈现日益扩大的趋势，导致出现这种局面的原因是多方面的，其中，政府的财政投入不足是一个重要方面。但政府增加财政支出是否能有效引导农民收入增长并缩小城乡收入差距呢？我们采用动态面板数据模型和系统广义矩(system-GMM)估计方法的研究表明，这取决于地方政府在追求本地GDP高速增长的政绩最大化条件下，利用自身财政自主权所选择的不同支出结构——在财政分权的背景下，即使财政投入总量增加了，城乡收入差距也未必会缩小，只有倾向于农业投入以及科教文卫支出增加的政府财政支出结构才能有效减轻城乡收入差距。

Fiscal Expenditure and Rural-Urban Income Gap in China

There are many factors which contribute to the increasing rural-urban income gap. It is believed that one of these is lack of fiscal expenditure of the local government. Our research show that whether government expenditure can reduce the rural-urban income gap depends on the fiscal expenditure structure chosen by the government under the fiscal decentralization. Rural-urban income gap can be decreased only when the expenditure on agricultural, medical and education is increased.