一分耕耘未必有一分收获——当农民双脚站在市场经济之中

农村商品化和市场经济是改革开放以来农村发展和农政变迁的主要动力,也是主导"三农"讨论的主流话语。在前资本主义农耕社会的生存经济中,农民生计方式多种多样,且具有较高的自主性。在经历了商品化过程之后,农民的生计大多需要农业生产和外出务工的双重支持。通过经济力量的无声强制,农民的生产和生活被强制商品化,同时,一系列政策措施也鼓励农民融入商品经济之中。当农民被锁入市场经济之中,其自主性和自由度均大大降低,劳动与收获不再直接关联。对现代消费社会的拷问发现,商品消费本身不再是为了人类基本需要的满足,而是为了满足不断建构起来的欲望和意象。在社会发展和市场经济的任何阶段,人类都不应该忘记生活的目标和终极关怀。

Pains may lead to no gains-- where peasants stand in the market economy

Rural commodification and market economy have been the main driving forces for rural development and agrarian change since the rural reform,as well as the mainstreaming narratives in the sphere of agrarian debate.In agrarian society,peasants have multiple livelihood options with great autonomy.In the commodified society,peasants need to support their family livelihood through faming and wage labour work.Under the dull compulsion of economic forces,forced commodification takes place.In addition,a series of policy measures encourage peasants to be integrated into market economy.When peasants are locked into market economy,their autonomy and freedom are reduced,and pains will not necessarily lead to gains proportionally.Analysis on the contemporary consumption society reveals that commodities are not for satisfying basic human needs,but for the needs of constructed desire and image.At any stage of societal development and market economy,human beings shall not forget the ultimate objectives of being human.