大众媒介时代的文学批评

我们可以通过建构理念层次上的文学批评场域,对当代中国文学批评实践的总体状况进行宏观把握。一个理想的文学批评场域应该基于非同一性基础上,以文学批评自主性作为共同遵守的信念。它由专业批评和业余批评所构成。前者包含美学趣味的批评家与学理趣味的批评家,他们处于批评场域的支配位置;后者主要体现为媒介批评,它们代表了他者的向度。这几方面批评构成了多重对话关系,并通过符号斗争即定义文学批评合法性标准的斗争推动场域的健康发展。但是当代中国文学批评由于受到资本的逻辑的操控,导致自身自主性的缺失。因此,借助于上述规范形态的文学批评场域,我们可以对文学批评实践的失范进行批判性思考。

Literary Criticism in the Era of Mass Media

This paper proposes that an ideal field of criticism can be constructed so as to allow for an investigation of the practice in totality of Chinese contemporary literary criticism.This field is to be corner-stoned on nonidentity,with the autonomy of literary criticism as its common belief.Two main strands of criticism within the field may be grouped into the professional and the amateur,with the former pointing mainly to aesthetic and scholastic tastes and the latter to tastes transmitted mainly through mass media.The professional criticism may be dominant in the field while the amateur may be understood to represent the dimensions of the other.The dialogue in the field between the participating agents that seek their own definitions of literary criticism and seek legitimacy through symbolic struggle may provide the agency to maintain and establish a healthy atmosphere in the sphere.Thus,the autonomy of criticism,which has been nullified due to the working of capital logic,may be re-initiated into and employed in the critical examination of the field of contemporary Chinese criticism.