从私祀到官祀:明代佛山北帝信仰的地方性与正统化考察

自古以来,佛山民间信奉的鬼神多,而供奉鬼神的庙宇就更多,众多的庙宇自然就存在着大量的民间私祀乃至淫祀。民间私祀的存在使得基层社会与国家之间在信仰领域里的正面冲突相对较少,从而形成了一个比较广阔的缓冲地带;而当民间私祀对传统社会的基层统治秩序产生威胁或有可能颠覆正统理念时,代表国家的基层组织就会加以干预、纠正,甚至奏请禁毁。在明代"禁淫祀、毁淫祠"的政治大环境下,佛山地方官绅为了保住祠、庙合一而又供奉着北帝的祖庙,进行了一系列的借助传说并将之附会于北帝神的造神运动,最后成功地使北帝信仰由佛山地方性的淫祀、私祀上升为正统化的国家官祀。

From Local Worship to Orthodox Worship:A Research on the Transition of the Northern God in Foshan During Ming Dynasty

People in Foshan have believed in gods since ancient times.They built many temples to worship various gods,most of which were private and unorthodox.On the one hand,the private worship reduced head-on collision in belief between the grassroots and the state,forming a relatively wide buffer zone for social beliefs;on the other hand,when the private worship became a threat to the ruling order,or was likely to subvert the orthodox concept,local government would intervene,correct,or ban it.As private worship an...