新中国成立以来五保供养的政策与实践：演进历程与现实效度

新中国成立以来．五保供养经历了农业合作社供养时期、乡镇统筹的供养时期、由农业税列支的供养时期和由国家财政拨付的供养时期四个时期。五保老人被作为一个整体发现。成为新中国社会保障事业的重要开端：五保老人从集体供养到国家供养伴随了国家与社会关系的“内卷化”分离，反映了中国社会经济发展的成果。但是。五保政策始终没有突破“维持基本物质保障”这个最低目标。忽略了五保老人的多层次需求，一些地区落实政策不力、社会力量参与不足等等都加剧了五保老人的脆弱性。需要将五保供养工作从普通的政府职责。提升到人权保护的高度．扩充五保老人的社会权利、引入社会力量。才能保证五保老人的“善养”与“善终”。

The policy and practice of Five-Guarantees from 1949:The chanong process and actual effection

From 1949, the work of provision for Five-Guarantecs has experienced four stages .The financial support was respective- ly provided by agricultural productive society, township finance, agricultural value-added tax and governmental finance. It has be- came an important start for the find of Five-Guarantees as a special vulnerable group. The new ＂Five Guarantees＂ system turns to the governmental assistance reflecting the trend of involuting separation of the relationship between the state and society. But, the policy hasn＇t broke through the minimum target of ＇the maintenance of basic material security＇, which neglected the multiple needs of Five-guarantees and intensified their vulnerability. It＇s necessarily to take this work as the protection for human fights. Only we expand the group＇s rights and introduce social strength, can we give Five- Guarantees ＇good existence＇ and ＇good last ＇.