中世纪西欧法律观念下的王权

中世纪西欧素有法律传统。该传统既体现在日耳曼习惯法中,也体现在基督教观念中。根据日耳曼传统,习惯法源于人们共同的习俗和观念,遵循着古法原则,并非由国王制定然后自上而下推行的法律。根据基督教观念,国王和世俗政府被置于上帝和神法之下,民众对上帝的忠诚胜过对世俗统治者的忠诚。总之,法律第一位,国家第二位。在这种法律政治环境下,西欧逐渐形成了国王要在法律下统治的观念。中世纪学者不断总结阐述这一观念,最终在中世纪形成了法律限制统治权威的传统。

On the Kingship under the Influence of Medieval Western European Ideas of Law

It is always regarded that Medieval Western European has a law tradition.The law tradition was promoted by both the Germanic custom law and the ideas of Christian.According to the Germanic concept,custom law was ancient customs and ideas which were recognized by the whole community,and followed the principle of old law.Custom law was neither made by the kings nor enforced from the top authorities.Furthermore,basing on the Christian ideas,secular kingship was situated below the authority of the God and the d...