乡村振兴战略下乡村发展的差异化路径设计——基于发展潜力评估的案例研究

乡村振兴战略是当前我国三农工作的重要政策抓手和制度依据,也是未来促进乡村现代化发展的重要战略思想。然而,我国的区域经济社会差异和自然地理特点使得不同地区的乡村存在着较大差异,难以通过相同的具体路径实现不同乡村的同步发展,根据乡村的独特属性分类推进乡村现代化是解决当前发展难题的有效措施。分类推进乡村振兴战略需要明确区分乡村的潜力特征和分类依据。因此,构建科学的乡村潜力评价指标和分类方法具有重要意义。文章作者基于现有乡村振兴研究相关文献,梳理了当前乡村发展潜力及类型评估的研究思路与技术方法,结合实地调研,运用层次分析法构建了乡村发展潜力评价指标体系。同时基于"三类空间"框架和指标存在的分值特征,结合乡村实际情况设定了类别划分标准。进一步,通过对宁夏回族自治区泾源县随机选择的40个乡村发展潜力的评价验证了评估框架的有效性。研究发现:乡村发展潜力评价体系,包含了交通便捷性、用地适宜性水平、人口与经济规模、设施承载水平、产业规模、空间扩展水平、各类资源要素7个维度的因素,下含19个子指标;根据综合评估分数,泾源县40个案例村可划分为移民迁建型、整治优化型、集聚发展型、城镇改造型四个类别,突出了不同类别乡村发展的主要方向。基于此,文章从土地使用制度创新角度提出了乡村振兴战略制度创新的具体路径和具有探索性的政策建议,认为在通过分类推进城乡融合的过程中,应当积极推动乡村治理制度与产业发展相融合,促进乡村发展的各类要素形成集聚效应;同时推进集体经营性建设用地制度优化,有效发挥集体资产在促进乡村经济发展中的重要作用;此外还应当搭建村庄改造合作平台,通过构建公共论坛促进乡村合作治理模式的形成与发展。文章丰富了分类推进乡村振兴研究的方法运用,发展了当前乡村振兴研究中的类型学划分依据与评估方法,案例的应用有效地检验了评价方法的可靠性和科学性,同时通过评价也明晰了泾源县乡村发展潜力的整体特征和可参照的发展路径,具有较强的理论创新和实践性。

Differentiated path design for rural development under rural revitalization strategy: A case study based on development potential evaluation

The rural revitalization strategy is an important policy focus and institutional basis for the current work related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers in China, and also an important strategic idea for promoting rural modernization development in the future. However, the social-economic differences and natural geographical characteristics in China make it difficult to achieve synchronous development of different rural areas through the same specific path. Promoting rural modernization based on the unique attributes of rural areas is an effective measure to solve the current development challenges. The promotion of rural revitalization strategy by classification requires a clear distinction between the potential characteristics and classification basis of rural areas. Therefore, constructing scientific rural potential evaluation indicators and classification methods is of great significance. Based on existing literature on rural revitalization, the author of this article summarizes the research ideas and technical methods for evaluating the potential and types of rural development. Combined with field research, the Analytic Hierarchy Process is used to construct an evaluation index system for rural development potential. At the same time, based on the "three types of space" framework and the scoring characteristics of indicators, classification standards have been set in combination with the actual situation of rural areas. Furthermore, the author verifies the effectiveness of the evaluation framework by evaluating the development potential of 40 villages randomly selected from Jingyuan County, Ningxia. The research finds that the evaluation system of rural development potential includes seven dimensions, including traffic convenience, land suitability level, population and economic scale, facility carrying level, industrial scale, spatial expansion level, and various resource elements, including 19 sub indicators; According to the comprehensive evaluation score, the 40 case villages in Jingyuan County can be divided into four categories: immigrant relocation type, renovation optimization type, agglomeration development type, and urban transformation type, highlighting the main direction of rural development in different categories. Based on this, the author proposes specific paths and exploratory policy suggestions for institutional innovation of rural revitalization strategy from the perspective of land use system innovation. It is believed that in the process of promoting urban-rural integration through classification, the integration of rural governance system and industrial development should be actively promoted, and various elements of rural development should form agglomeration effects. At the same time, we should promote the optimization of the system of collective operating construction land, effectively play the important role of collective assets in promoting rural economy. In addition, we should also establish a platform for village transformation cooperation, and promote the formation and development of rural cooperative governance models through the construction of public forums. This article enriches the application of classification in promoting rural revitalization research, develops the typological classification basis and evaluation methods in current rural revitalization research, and effectively tests the reliability and scientificity of the evaluation method through the application of cases. At the same time, the overall characteristics of the development potential of rural villages in Jingyuan County and the reference development path are also clarified through evaluation, which has strong theoretical innovation and practicality.