论案外人申请再审制度中的适格案外人

关于案外人申请再审制度中的适格案外人的范围,目前存在着理解上的分歧以及操作上的混乱。其实,只有判决效力扩张所及的第三人,才可能成为申请再审的适格案外人。因此,从判决的效力出发,可以找到问题的破解之道。由于不同判决效力扩张的情形有异,申请再审的适格案外人的范围也应有不同的界定:既判力所及的第三人原则上无案外人适格,仅特定情形下的第三人除外;人事诉讼判决形成力所及的部分第三人具有案外人适格,而公司诉讼判决形成力所及的第三人则完全不可能成为适格案外人;反射效力所及的第三人通常也无案外人适格,但当事人诈害诉讼的情形除外。

On the Eligibility of Proper Persons Un-involved in the Case Who Apply for Retrials

Currently there are differences of understanding and confusions in practice of determining the eligibility of proper persons un-involved in the case(PPUIC) who apply for retrials.In fact,only the third person whom the expansion of judicial effects can reach is eligible as a PPUIC.It follows that the right way to determine PPUIC eligibility is to look into judicial effects.However,as expansions of judicial effects vary from case to case,there should be different defining criteria for PPUIC eligibility,i.e.in principle,the third person whom judicial effects can reach is not eligible as a PPUIC;only the third person in specific contexts can be a PPUIC.Some third persons whom the judicial effects of civil actions can reach are eligible as PPUICs whereas the third persons whom the judicial effects of corporate actions can reach are never eligible as PPUICs.The third persons whom reflective effects can reach are not eligible except in cases in which litigants file feign victim actions.