晚唐五代时期中枢体制变化的特点及其渊源

唐代中后期的中书门下体制历经晚唐、五代的演变,至宋代前期形成了中书门下与枢密院分掌民政、军政的二府体制。其中五代是体制发生变化的关键时期。正是在五代后唐时期,始于唐代中期的枢密院一职,从原先的掌文书通进发展成为最高军政机构,与中书门下对掌文武,形成“二府”。此后历晋、汉、周、宋,经过不断的调整发展,二府体制逐渐严密完备。枢密院地位的这一变化并非完全是唐代枢密院自然演变的结果,而是更多的与后唐封内的中门使一职有关。

The Characteristics and Its Origin of Central Political System in the Late Tang and Five Dynasties

The central political system changed from the Secretariat-Chancellery system to the Two Authorities system in the period of the Tang and Song Dynasties,while the period of Five Dynasties is the key time for the improvements.It was in the Late Tang Dynasty that the Bureau of Military Affairs,which originated from the mid-Tang Dynasty,evolved into the highest military organization.The Two Authorities System reached its full maturity with the continuously adjustment and development in the successive Dynasties.The Commissioner of Military Affairs in the Late Tang Dynasty can find its rudiment in Zhong-Men Shi,which makes it bear the function of military at the beginning.